Research by Paes and colleagues sheds additional light on the most effective VR based studies. The investigators report that “Identifying and characterizing the factors that affect presence in virtual environments has been acknowledged as a critical step to improving Virtual Reality (VR) applications in the built environment domain. In the search to identify those factors, the research objective was to test whether three-dimensional perception affects presence in virtual environments. . . . VR applications in architectural design may not necessarily need to incorporate advanced stereoscopic visualization techniques to deliver highly immersive experiences, which may be achieved by addressing factors other than depth realism. As findings suggest that the levels of presence experienced by users are not subject to the display mode of a 3D model (whether immersive or non-immersive display), it may still be possible for professionals involved in the review of 3D models (e.g., designers, contractors, clients) to experience high levels of presence through non-stereoscopic VR systems provided that other presence-promoting factors are included.”
Daniel Paes, Javier Irizarry, Mark Billinghurst, and Diego Pujoni. 2023. “Investigating the Relationship Between Three-Dimensional Perception and Presence in Virtual Reality-Reconstructed Architecture.” Applied Ergonomics, vol. 109, 103953, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103953