Tsomokos and Flouri link features of residential environments to prosocial behavior by children. They report on “an assessment of the home environment at age 3 years, and prosocial behaviour at 3, 5, 7, and 11 years. . . . The emotional environment had a stronger association with prosociality trajectories than physical organisation. . . . Physical disorganisation is a numerical variable from 0 to 4, where 0 corresponds to an in-home environment that is safe (no risk issues identified by the observer, who checked against a list of issues), not dark or perceptually monotonous, reasonably clean, and reasonably uncluttered.”
Dimitris Tsomokos and Eirini Flouri. 2024. “The Impact of the Indoor Home Environment on Children’s Prosocial Behaviour.” Journal of Environmental Psychology, vol. 98, 102405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102405